"Mastaraynta midabaynta iyo Qurxinta" ee Warshadaha SonkortaⅠ
Dhinaca warshadaha cuntada iyo cabitaanka, warshadaha sonkortu waa mid ka mid ah meelaha muhiimka ah ee codsashada kaarboonka firfircoon. Inta lagu jiro habka wax soo saarka ee noocyada sonkorta sida sonkorta bakoorada, sonkorta dabocase, sonkorta istaarijka, maltose, lactose, molasses, xylose, xylitol, glucose, iyo borotiinka hydrolyzed, kaarboon firfircoon ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara midabaynta iyo deodorization.
Warshadaha sokorta waxay u kala qaybsan yihiin warshado sokorta bakoorada iyo kuwa dabocase. Xalka sonkorta waxa ku jira walxo midabyo kala duwan leh sida melanoidins, caramel, iyo ka samaysan birta-polyphenol. Kaarboon firfircoon, kaas oo leh aag weyn oo dusha sare ah (500 - 1500m²/g) iyo qaabdhismeed qani ah oo mesopores iyo micropores, ayaa muujin kara waxqabadka adsorption ee wanaagsan iyo waxtarka midabaynta sare marka wax laga qabanayo xalalka sonkorta.
Waxa jira micropores tiro badan oo ku dhex jira qaybaha kaarboonka ee firfircoon, cabirka daloolku aad buu u balaadhan yahay, laga bilaabo dhawr angstroms ilaa dhawr mikromitir. Gaar ahaan, waxaa jira tiro badan oo micropores ah oo leh cabbirro dalool ah oo u dhexeeya dhowr ilaa dhowr tobanaan oo angstroms ah. Mid kasta oo ka mid ah micropores-yadani waxay u dhigantaa meel dusha sare ah, taasoo ka dhigaysa guud ahaan aagga gaarka ah ee kaarboonka firfircoon ee wax cajiib ah. 1 garaam oo kaarboon firfircoon leh oo leh firfircooni aad u wanaagsan, bedkeeda gaarka ah wuxuu gaari karaa ilaa 1000m². Sababtoo ah goobta xoogga atomigga ee dusha sare ee kaarboonka firfircoon waxay ku jirtaa xaalad aan sasaturated ahayn waxaana jira xoogag valence ah oo hadh ah, oo ku salaysan aag gaar ah oo sidaas oo kale ah, tamarteeda dusha sare waa mid aad muhiim u ah. Waxay si sax ah u tahay saameynta xayeysiinta in goobta xoogga ah ee aan la daboolin ee dusha sare ee kaarboonka firfircoon loo magdhabo ilaa xad, sidaas darteed hoos u dhigista tamarta dusha sare. Sidaa darteed, marka la eego heerkulka gaarka ah iyo xaaladaha cadaadiska, dusha sare ee kaarboonka firfircoon ayaa si toos ah u xajin doona walxaha hoos u dhigi kara tamarta dusha sare. Si kastaba ha noqotee, marka kaarboonka firfircooni uu soo saaro walxaha kala duwan ee xalka, qadarka xayeysiisku maaha mid ku habboon saamiga walxahan ee xalka. Kaarboonka firfircoon ayaa had iyo jeer u janjeera inuu ka dhigo fiirsashada solute ee dusha sare ee adsorption si dheellitiran. Sidan oo kale, xitaa marka awoodda xayeysiinta ay isku mid tahay, walxaha aan-sonkorta ahayn ee leh xoojinta hoose ee xalka sonkorta waxay u badan tahay in lagu dhajiyo kaarboon firfircoon marka la barbardhigo sukrose oo leh feejignaan sare. Walxaha midabka leh ee sharoobada ku jira waxay inta badan leeyihiin mug molecular oo aad u weyn iyo miisaan yar oo molecular ah. Iyada oo la adeegsanayo xayeysiinta kaarboonka firfircoon, tamarta korkeeda ayaa hoos loo dhigayaa ilaa xad weyn, iyo sharoobada lagu daaweeyay kaarboon firfircoon waxay gaari kartaa heer aad u weyn oo midabaynta. Waa si sax ah sababtoo ah kaarboon firfircooni waxay leedahay midab-dejin heer sare ah iyo awoodda nadiifinta sharoobada taas oo si ballaaran oo waxtar leh loogu dabaqay warshadaha sonkorta sare ee dibadda.
Marka kaarboonka firfircoon ee loo isticmaalo in lagu daaweeyo xalka sonkorta, marka lagu daro saameynteeda midabaynta ee muhiimka ah, waxay sidoo kale ka saari kartaa colloids iyo dusha sare - wasakhda firfircoon ee xalka sonkorta. Nidaamkani wuxuu kordhin doonaa xiisadda dusha sare ee xalka sonkorta, hoos u dhigista viscosity, yaraynta jiilka xumbo inta lagu jiro habka uumi-baxa, kordhinta xawaaraha crystallization, oo wanaajin kara habka kristallization sonkorta, kor u qaadida kala-soocidda molasses ka crystals sonkorta.
Waxaan nahay alaab-qeybiyaha ugu weyn Shiinaha, qiimo ama macluumaad dheeri ah waa lagu soo dhaweynayaa inaad nagula soo xiriirto:
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Waqtiga boostada: Abriil-23-2025