Daaweynta Hawada ee Ciidda Birta ku Fasaxday iyadoo la adeegsanayo Wax-ka-beddelka Dabiiciga ah

Kaarboonka firfircoon wuxuu ka kooban yahay walxo kaarboon ah oo laga soo saaro dhuxusha. Kaarboonka firfircoon waxaa soo saara pyrolysis oo ka yimaada walxaha dabiiciga ah ee ka soo jeeda dhirta. Alaabtan waxaa ka mid ah dhuxusha, qolofka qumbaha iyo alwaaxa,bacaaska sonkorta,qolofka soybeaniyo soo koobid (Dias et al., 2007; Paraskeva et al., 2008). Cabbir xaddidan,digada xoolahaWaxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa soo saarista kaarboon firfircoon. Isticmaalka kaarboon firfircoon waa wax caadi ah in laga saaro biraha biyaha wasakhda ah, laakiin isticmaalkeeda joojinta biraha kuma badna carrada wasakhaysan (Gerçel iyo Gerçel, 2007; Lima iyo Marshall, 2005b). Kaarboon firfircoon oo laga soo saaro digada digaagga ayaa lahaa awood bir ah oo aad u fiican (Lima iyo Marshall, 2005a). Kaarboon firfircoon ayaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa dib u hagaajinta wasakhda carrada iyo biyaha sababtoo ah qaab-dhismeedka daloolsan, baaxadda dusha sare ee weyn iyo awoodda nuugista sare (Üçer et al., 2006). Kaarboon firfircoon wuxuu ka saaraa biraha (Ni, Cu, Fe, Co, Cr) xalka iyada oo loo marayo roobab sida hydroxide bir ah, nuugista kaarboon firfircoon (Lyubchik et al., 2004). Koofiyada yicibta ee laga soo saaro AC si wax ku ool ah ayay uga saareen Ni biyaha wasakhda ah iyadoo la adeegsanayo iyo iyada oo aan lahayn H₂SO₄daaweynta (Hasar, 2003).

Dhawaan, biochar waxaa loo isticmaalay wax ka beddelka ciidda sababtoo ah saameynteeda faa'iidada leh ee sifooyinka jireed iyo kiimikada ee kala duwan ee ciidda (Beesley et al., 2010). Biochar wuxuu ka kooban yahay waxyaabo aad u sarreeya (ilaa 90%) iyadoo ku xiran maaddada waalidka (Chan iyo Xu, 2009). Ku darista biochar waxay hagaajisaa nuugista kaarboonka dabiiciga ah ee milmay,pH-ga ciidda, waxay yareysaa biraha ku jira daadinta waxayna kaabaysaa nafaqooyinka waaweyn (Novak et al., 2009; Pietikäinen et al., 2000). Joogteynta muddada dheer ee biochar-ka ee ciidda waxay yareysaa gelinta biraha iyada oo loo marayo codsi soo noqnoqda oo wax ka beddello kale ah (Lehmann iyo Joseph, 2009). Beesley et al. (2010) waxay ku soo gabagabeeyeen in biochar-ku uu yareeyay Cd iyo Zn-ka biyaha ku milma ee ciidda sababtoo ah kororka kaarboonka dabiiciga ah iyo pH. Kaarboonka firfircoon wuxuu yareeyay fiirsashada birta (Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn) ee caleemaha dhirta galleyda ah ee lagu beero carrada wasakhaysan marka la barbar dhigo carrada aan wax laga beddelin (Sabir et al., 2013). Biochar wuxuu yareeyay fiirsashada sare ee Cd iyo Zn-ka milma ee ciidda wasakhaysan (Beesley iyo Marmiroli, 2011). Waxay ku soo gabagabeeyeen in sorption-ku uu yahay farsamo muhiim u ah haysashada biraha carrada. Biochar waxay hoos u dhigtay heerka Cd iyo Zn ilaa 300 iyo 45 laab hoos u dhac ku yimid heerka dheecaankooda, siday u kala horreeyaan (Beesley iyo Marmiroli, 2011).